Donkey Kong (game)

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Donkey Kong
Donkey Kong arcade cabinet art.png
Developer Nintendo Research & Development 1
Nintendo Research & Development 2 (Famicom/NES port)[1]
Ikegami Tsushinki[2][3]
Coleco (ColecoVision, Atari 2600, Intellivision, and Coleco Adam ports)
Atari, Inc. (Atari 8-bit, Apple II, TI-99/4A, MS-DOS, Commodore VIC-20, and 1983 Commodore 64 ports)
Sentient Software Ltd (ZX Spectrum and MSX ports)
Arcana Software Design (Amstrad CPC and 1986 Commodore 64 ports)
ITDC (Atari 7800 port)
Hamster (Arcade Archives)
Publisher Nintendo
Coleco (ColecoVision, Atari 2600, Intellivision, and Coleco Adam ports)
Atari, Inc. (Atari 8-bit, Apple II, TI-99/4A, MS-DOS, Commodore VIC-20, and 1983 Commodore 64 ports)
Ocean Software (Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, MSX, and 1986 Commodore 64 ports)
Atari Corporation (Atari 7800 port)
Hamster (Arcade Archives)
Release date

Arcade:
Japan July 9, 1981
USA July 31, 1981
Atari 2600:
USA July 1982[4]
ColecoVision:
USA July 1982[5]
Coleco Tabletop:
USA August 1982[6]
Intellivision:
USA October 1982
Atari 8-bit Computers:
USA June 1983
Famicom/NES port:
Japan July 15, 1983
USA June 15, 1986
Europe October 15, 1986
TI-99/4A:
USA November 1983[7]
MS-DOS:
USA November 1983
Apple II:
USA December 1983
Commodore VIC-20:
USA February 1984[8]
Commodore 64 (Atarisoft):
USA February 1984[8]
Coleco Adam:
USA June 1984
MSX:
Europe 1986
ZX Spectrum:
Europe 1986
Amstrad CPC:
Europe 1986
Commodore 64 (Ocean Software):
Europe 1986
Family Computer Disk System:
Japan April 8, 1988[9]
Atari 7800:
USA November 1988
e-Reader:
USA November 11, 2002[10]
Game Boy Advance:
Japan February 14, 2004
USA June 7, 2004
Europe July 9, 2004
Virtual Console (Wii):
USA November 19, 2006
Japan December 2, 2006
Australia December 7, 2006
Europe December 8, 2006
Virtual Console (3DS):
Japan October 17, 2012
USA August 15, 2013
Europe November 21, 2013
Australia November 21, 2013[11]
Europe September 18, 2014 (Original Edition)
Australia September 19, 2014 (Original Edition)
South Korea March 2, 2016
Virtual Console (Wii U):
Japan July 15, 2013
USA July 15, 2013
Europe July 15, 2013
Australia July 15, 2013
NES Classic Edition/Famicom Mini:
Japan November 10, 2016
Australia November 10, 2016
USA November 11, 2016
Europe November 11, 2016
Nintendo Switch (Arcade Archives):
USA June 14, 2018
Japan June 15, 2018
Europe June 15, 2018
Australia June 15, 2018
Nintendo Entertainment System - Nintendo Switch Online:
USA September 18, 2018
Japan September 19, 2018
Europe September 19, 2018
Australia September 19, 2018
HK April 23, 2019
South Korea April 23, 2019

Genre Platformer
Modes Up to 2 players, alternating turns
Cabinet Upright, cabaret, and cocktail
Monitor Raster, standard resolution 224 x 256 (Vertical) 256 Colors
Input

Donkey Kong is an arcade game that was released by Nintendo in 1981. It is an early example of the platform genre, as the gameplay focuses on maneuvering the main character across a series of platforms while dodging obstacles. Donkey Kong is notable for being the debut appearance of Mario and the titular villain, Donkey Kong.

Gameplay[edit]

The game opens with the first level, where Donkey Kong climbs a pair of ladders to the top of a construction site. He puts Pauline down and stomps on the girders, making them slightly crooked, while moving to the left. After reaching the left end of the platform, Donkey Kong sneers, and the game starts.

Mario's goal is to get to the top of the level. The game has a score, which Mario can earn points for in several ways: finishing a screen, leaping over obstacles, destroying objects with a hammer, and collecting Pauline's dropped items. For the first 7,000 points, Mario is given three lives with a bonus.

When Mario reaches the end of a level, a brief cutscene is shown. A heart appears between Mario and Pauline, but Donkey Kong then grabs her and climbs up another pair of ladders, causing the heart to break. When Mario completes the final level, 100m, he and Pauline are reunited, and the game ends. After the player finishes the game, it restarts but at a higher difficulty level.

Stages[edit]

Image Name Description
DK arcade 25m.png 25m Jumpman must scale a seven-story construction site made of crooked girders and ladders while jumping over or hammering barrels and oil barrels tossed by Donkey Kong. The hero must also avoid flaming balls, which generate when an oil barrel collides with an oil drum. Players routinely call this screen "Barrels."
DK arcade 50m.png 50m Jumpman must climb a five-story structure of conveyor belts, each of which transports pans of cement. The fireballs also make another appearance. This screen is sometimes referred to as the "Factory" or "Pie Factory" due to the resemblance of the cement pans to pies.
DK arcade 75m.png 75m Jumpman rides up and down elevators while avoiding fireballs and bouncing objects, presumably spring-weights. The bouncing weights (the hero's greatest danger in this screen) emerge on the top level and drop near the rightmost elevator. The screen's common name is "Elevators."
DK arcade 100m.png 100m Jumpman must remove eight rivets, which support Donkey Kong. The fireballs remain the primary obstacle. Removing the final rivet causes Donkey Kong to fall and the hero to be reunited with the Lady. This is the final screen of each level. Players refer to this screen as "Rivets."

Development and history[edit]

The game was the latest in a series of efforts by Nintendo to break into the North American market. Hiroshi Yamauchi, Nintendo's president at the time, assigned the project to a first-time game designer named Shigeru Miyamoto. Drawing from a wide range of inspirations, including Popeye and King Kong, Miyamoto developed the scenario and designed the game alongside Nintendo's chief engineer, Gunpei Yokoi. When Donkey Kong was released, it became instantly popular, and it was noteworthy for using graphics as a means of characterization, including within the game's short cutscenes.

At the time when Mario was being designed, Nintendo encountered some problems with graphical limitations. They struggled to design Mario with him a mouth, so he got a mustache. Nintendo could not design hair for Mario, so he was given a cap instead. To make his arm movements visible, Mario was given red overalls over his blue shirt. Pauline has a pink dress and long blonde hair, and she constantly screams "HELP!".

Despite initial misgivings on the part of Nintendo's American staff, Donkey Kong was a success in North America and Japan. Nintendo licensed the game to Coleco, who developed home console versions for numerous platforms. Other companies cloned Nintendo's hit and avoided royalties altogether. Mario, Pauline, and Donkey Kong appeared on cereal boxes, television cartoons, and dozens of other places. A court suit brought on by Universal City Studios, alleging Donkey Kong violated their trademark of King Kong, ultimately failed. The success of Donkey Kong allowed Nintendo to dominate the video game market for years to come.

Gallery[edit]

For this subject's image gallery, see Gallery:Donkey Kong (game).
  • Nintendo Entertainment System box art

    Nintendo Entertainment System box art

  • The ending in the arcade version

    The ending in the arcade version

References[edit]

  1. ^ Iwata, Satoru et al. Iwata Asks: New Super Mario Bros. Wii. Nintendo. Retrieved May 01 2015
  2. ^ Fahs, Travis.The Secret History of Donkey Kong, Gamasutra
  3. ^ Akagi, Masumi. Sore wa “Pong” kara Hajimatta, p. 305-307 (Translation available here)
  4. ^ Arcade Express Volume One Number Two Pages 1 & 3.
  5. ^ The Video Game Update Volume One #5 Page 1.
  6. ^ Arcade Express Vol1, No1, p.4
  7. ^ The Video Game Update, December 1983. Pages 137 & 144
  8. ^ a b The Video Game Update, March 1984. Pages 190 & 192
  9. ^ Date info of Donkey Kong (FDS) from TMK, retrieved 11/25/2012
  10. ^ Date info of Donkey Kong (e-Reader) from TMK, retrieved 11/25/2012
  11. ^ Nintendo.com - Donkey Kong - Game Info
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